ƙananan kalmomi na inji

Lokacin da muke magana game da " kananan injuna ," muna magana ne akan nau'in injuna yawanci ƙasa da dawakai 25. Sune ƙaƙƙarfan hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki masu inganci waɗanda ke sarrafa kowane nau'in injuna da ke kewaye da mu. Daga na'urar yankan goga zuwa babura, na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto zuwa taraktocin lambu, waɗannan ƙananan injuna suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun.

Fahimtar ƙananan kalmomi na inji yana da mahimmanci ga duk wanda ke amfani, sayayya, ko gyara injinan da waɗannan injunan ke aiki. Sanin waɗannan sharuɗɗan zai ba ka damar fahimtar yadda waɗannan injiniyoyi ke aiki, gano matsalolin, sadarwa yadda ya kamata tare da ƙwararrun sabis, har ma da yin wasu ƙananan gyare-gyare da kanka.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi nazari sosai kan ƙananan kalmomi na inji. BISON yana rushe rikitattun kalmomi zuwa bayani mai sauƙin fahimta. Wannan ƙamus zai samar da cikakken jagora ga sababbi da ƙwararrun masu sha'awar sha'awa.

Nau'in ƙananan injuna

• Injin bugun bugun jini guda biyu : Wannan injin yana kammala zagayowar wutar lantarki ta hanyar bugun fistan guda biyu yayin juyin juya hali guda daya na crankshaft. A takaice dai, yana yin gaba dayan aikin ne a matakai biyu kacal – sha, matsawa, konewa da shaye-shaye, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi tasiri sosai. Sau da yawa za ku sami injunan bugun bugun jini guda biyu a cikin kayan aiki kamar sarƙar saws da jet skis.

• Injin bugun bugun jini guda hudu : Ba kamar injin bugun bugun jini ba, wannan injin yana cika zagayowar wutar lantarki ta bugun fistan hudu: ci, matsawa, konewa (iko), da shaye-shaye. Ainihin, yana ɗaukar matakai huɗu don yin abin da injin bugun bugun jini zai iya yi cikin matakai biyu kawai. Wannan yana rage yawan man fetur kuma yana rage fitar da hayaki. Ana yawan amfani da injin bugun bugun jini a cikin abubuwa kamar masu yankan buroshi da motoci.

• Injin Diesel : Injin dizal na amfani da zafin iskan da aka danne don kunna mai. An san su da inganci da karko. Kuna iya samun ƙananan injunan diesel a wasu nau'ikan janareta ko injuna masu nauyi.

• Injin mai : Har ila yau aka sani da injin mai, injinan mai suna amfani da wutar lantarki don ƙone mai. Tartsatsin tartsatsin walƙiya yana kunna cakuda iska mai iska a cikin ɗakin konewa, yana fitar da piston ƙasa kuma yana haifar da ƙarfi. Ana amfani da ƙananan injunan mai a cikin kayan aikin wutar lantarki da wasu motoci.

• Injin bawul (OHV) : A cikin injin OHV, bawul ɗin suna sama da ɗakin konewa a kan silinda. Wannan ƙirar tana ba da damar ƙarin sarrafa bawul ɗin kai tsaye, yana haifar da saurin amsawar bawul da ingantaccen ingantaccen man fetur. Ana amfani da injunan OHV sosai a cikin kewayon injuna ciki har da motoci da masu yankan lawn.

• Injin camshaft na sama (OHC) : Bawul ɗin injin OHC suma suna cikin kan silinda, amma camshaft ɗin da ke sarrafa buɗewa da rufe bawul ɗin shima yana cikin kan silinda maimakon a cikin shingen Silinda. Wannan zane yana inganta aikin injin da inganci a babban gudu. Ana yawan samun injunan OHC a cikin motoci da babura

Sharuɗɗan Kananan Injin gama gari

Ana amfani da waɗannan sharuɗɗan sau da yawa don bayyana ƙayyadaddun bayanai da aikin injin. Bari mu karya su:

• Bore : Wannan yana nufin diamita na silinda a cikin injin. Abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda, tare da bugun jini, yana ƙayyade ƙaurawar injin.

• Matsakaicin rabo : Wannan shine rabon ƙarar ɗakin konewa lokacin da piston yake a ƙasan bugunsa zuwa ƙarar lokacin da piston yake saman bugun bugunsa. Matsakaicin matsi mafi girma zai iya haifar da ingantaccen man fetur da fitarwar wutar lantarki amma kuma yana iya buƙatar man fetur mafi girma-octane.

• Matsar : Wannan shine jimilar adadin duk silinda a cikin injin, yawanci ana auna su da santimita cubic (cc) ko lita (L). Ana ƙididdige shi ta hanyar ninka adadin silinda ta wurin silinda (dangane da gungu) da tsayin bugun jini. Ƙuyawa yana ba da ra'ayi na girman injin da ƙarfin ƙarfinsa.

• Horsepower : Wannan ma'auni ne da ake amfani da shi don nuna ikon da injin ke samarwa. Ƙarfin doki ɗaya daidai yake da ƙarfin da ake buƙata don ɗaga fam 550 ƙafa ɗaya cikin daƙiƙa ɗaya. Yawan karfin dawaki da injin ke da shi, yawan aikin da zai iya yi na tsawon wani lokaci.

• bugun jini : A cikin mahallin injuna, bugun jini yana nufin cikakken tafiya na piston tare da silinda, a kowace hanya. Adadin bugun jini a cikin zagayowar daya yana bayyana ko injin bugun bugu biyu ne ko injin bugun bugun jini hudu.

• Torque : Wannan ita ce ƙarfin karkatar da injin ke samarwa.

tsarin guda shida na kananan injuna

Kananan injunan iskar gas sun ƙunshi tsarin daidaikun mutane waɗanda ke aiki tare don samar da wutar lantarki. Kowane tsarin yana da abubuwa da yawa. Injin konewa na ciki na buƙatar tsari shida: shaye-shaye, mai, kunnawa, sanyaya, konewa, da mai.

Tsarin Tsare-tsare

• Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙirar Ƙirar Ƙirar Ƙirar Ƙirar Ƙi ahayn tana tattara iskar gas daga silinda masu yawa zuwa cikin bututu guda ɗaya. Manufarsa ita ce a jefar da iskar gas ɗin zuwa wuri ɗaya na tsakiya, sauran na'urorin da za a fitar da su cikin aminci.

• Tailpipe : Sashe na ƙarshe na tsarin shaye-shaye, inda yake fitar da iskar gas ɗin da aka goge da aka goge a cikin yanayi.

• Muffler : Yana rage hayaniya. An kulle ko zare akan injin

Tsarin Man Fetur

• Injector na Man Fetur : Masu allurar man fetur wani muhimmin sashi ne na injinan zamani. Suna isar da man fetur a cikin silinda na injin daidai gwargwado da atomized wanda daga nan sai a kunna shi don tuka injin. Mai allurar yana buƙatar isar da man fetur a daidai lokacin da ya dace, a daidai adadin, da kuma tsarin da ya dace don ingantaccen konewa.

• Fuel Pump : Aikin famfo mai shine isar da mai daga tanki zuwa injin. Dole ne ya samar da man fetur a ƙarƙashin babban matsin lamba (don tsarin allurar man fetur) ko ƙananan matsa lamba (don tsarin carburetor), don haka man fetur ya isa ga masu injectors ko carburetor a cikin daidaituwa da santsi.

• Layin mai : Layin da ake tura mai daga tanki zuwa carburetor.

• Tankin mai : A nan ne ake adana man injin ɗin. Girman tankin mai sau da yawa yana ƙayyade tsawon lokacin da injin zai iya aiki kafin buƙatar sake cikawa. An ƙera shi don ciyar da mai zuwa carburetor.

Tsarin wuta

• Baturi : Yana adana makamashin lantarki har sai an buƙata don kunna na'urori.

• Stator : Stator wani abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin tsarin kunnawa na ƙananan injuna. Yana daga cikin maɓalli kuma yana aiki tare da rotor don samar da wutar lantarki. Stator coil yana amfani da maganadisu na dindindin don samar da filin maganadisu don ƙaramin mai canzawa.

• Ignition Coil : Wannan bangaren wani muhimmin bangare ne na tsarin kunna wutan injin. Yana canza ƙarancin ƙarfin baturi zuwa dubban volts da ake buƙata don ƙirƙirar tartsatsin wutar lantarki a cikin matosai, yana kunna mai.

• Spark plug : Filogi ne ke da alhakin kunna cakuda man iska a cikin ɗakin konewar injin. Yana yin haka ne ta hanyar watsa makamashin lantarki daga tsarin kunnawa, wanda ke haifar da tartsatsi.

• Masu farawa : Crange injin da sauri don fara tsarin. Ana samun su a cikin samfura irin su sarƙoƙi, lawnmowers, da masu cin ciyawa.

Tsarin Sanyaya

• Injin sanyaya iska : Injin sanyaya iska yana dogara ne akan zazzagewar iskar kai tsaye akan filaye masu zafi ko wuraren zafi na injin don sanyaya su don kiyaye injin cikin yanayin aiki. 

• Injin sanyaya ruwa : Injin mai sanyaya ruwa yana amfani da na'urar sanyaya (yawanci cakuda ruwa da daskarewa) don canja wurin zafi daga injin zuwa radiyo inda zafi ke watsawa cikin yanayi.

• Fans : Yawancin ƙananan injuna suna sanyaya iska ta amfani da magoya bayan da ke wajen ɗakin konewa.

• Flywheel : Yana zaune a saman injin. Yana da murfin karfe da ake kira mahalli na busa. Yana aiki kamar fan. A sanyaya injin.

• Gidajen busa : Zaune a kusa da ƙafar tashi. Yana nufin kai tsaye iska ta cikin mahalli don kwantar da injin.
  

Tsarin Lubrication

• Oil Pan : Kasuwan mai, wanda aka fi sani da sump din mai, yana can kasan injin. Yana aiki a matsayin tafki na man inji. Lokacin da injin ku ya huta, mai zai koma cikin kaskon inda aka tara shi a adana shi.

• Famfon Mai : Tushen mai shine muhimmin sashi na tsarin lubrication na injin. Ayyukansa shine ɗibo mai daga kaskon mai sannan a zuga shi cikin injin don shafawa, sanyaya, da tsaftace sassa masu motsi.

• Tace mai : Yana kawar da gurɓatattun abubuwan da ke yawo a cikin mai.

Tsarin konewa

• Carburetor : Yana hada man fetur da iska don konewa.

• Toshe Silinda : Kowane shingen silinda dole ne a jefa shi a cikin wani tsari don cimma kyakkyawan bayyanarsa don aiki mai kyau. A cikin tubalin silinda duk ƙananan sassan injin ne. Wurin sa yana watsar da zafi ta hanyar filayen alloy na aluminum. Silinda guda ɗaya shine nau'in da ake samu a yawancin ƙananan injuna. Duk da haka, sauran sassan ƙananan injuna suna da silinda da yawa; Mafi na kowa su ne na layi, adawa da V.

• Shugaban Silinda : Yawancin ƙananan injuna suna da ɗakin konewa. Ana manne da gasket na kai a saman silinda, wanda ake kira shugaban silinda. Ana ajiye filogi a kan silinda. 

• Piston : An yi shi da simintin ƙarfe ko kayan aluminum. Fistan yana hawa zuwa sandar haɗi ta fil kuma an ɗaure shi a wurin ta hanyar riƙe shirye-shiryen bidiyo . Piston na iya samun zobe ɗaya zuwa uku. Ana amfani da waɗannan zoben saman don matsawa. Ana kiran zoben ƙasa da zoben mai. Injin bugu huɗu ne kawai ke da zoben mai. Wannan zobe ba zai iya juyawa ba saboda fil a cikin ramin zobe yana hana kowane juyawa.

• Valves : Ana yin bawul ɗin da ƙarfe mai daraja, kuma suna kan shingen Silinda da hatimi. Bawul ɗin ci da shaye-shaye suna haifar da ingantacciyar iska a cikin injin. Bawul ɗin shayarwa ya fi na shaye-shaye girma.

• Mai tsabtace iska : Hakanan aka sani da matatar iska , wannan bangaren yana tsaftace iskar da ke shiga injin don aikin konewa. Yana kawar da ƙura, pollen, da sauran barbashi na iska waɗanda zasu iya cutar da injin. Tacewar iska mai tsafta tana tabbatar da cewa injin ku ya sami isasshen iska mai tsabta don haɗawa da mai don ingantaccen konewa.

• Silinda : Akwai bangon ciki da ake kira bangon Silinda. Ya dace da fistan daidai da diamita na inji. bangon ciki yana da santsi sosai, yana barin piston da zoben suyi aiki lafiya.

• Sanda mai haɗawa : sandar haɗi tana haɗa crank zuwa piston. Fitin wuyan hannu yana haɗa fistan zuwa fil ɗin wuyan hannu kuma an tsare shi ta hanyar faifan bidiyo. Ana iya samun sandunan haɗin kai ɗaya ko biyu. Ƙasa mai cirewa akan raka'a guda biyu.

• Head gasket : Tsakanin silinda da kan silinda shine shugaban gasket. Wannan gasket yana rufe silinda. Ayyukan gasket na kai shine kiyaye matsa lamba a cikin ɗakin konewa. Wannan bangaren dole ne ya yi tsayayya da yanayin zafi.

• Crankcase : Crankshaft shine ɓangaren injin da ke juyawa. Wannan bangare yana zaune a cikin crankcase. Crankcase yana canza sama, ƙasa da motsi na madauwari na fistan. Yana da ma'auni masu nauyi don ma'auni. Yana zaune a kusurwar digiri 90 akan Silinda.

• Camshaft : camshaft wani muhimmin sashi ne na injin da ke sarrafa lokacin buɗewa da rufe bawuloli. Sanda ce mai lobes da yawa (cams) waɗanda ke turawa da bawuloli yayin da yake juyawa, yana barin mai da iska cikin ɗakin konewa.

• Valve spring : Yana riƙe da bawuloli a rufe, yana tabbatar da madaidaicin hatimi yana kula da matsa lamba akan camshaft. Yana hana camshaft daga iyo.

Kammalawa

Fahimtar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun injin yana da mahimmanci ga duk wanda ke neman kulawa, gyara, ko fahimtar injinan da ke sarrafa yawancin na'urorin mu na waje. Ko kuna inganta inganci ko mai gida yana neman tsawaita rayuwar kayan aikin ku, waɗannan bayanan ba shakka zasu tabbatar da fa'ida. 

Ta hanyar kasancewa da masaniya da tabbaci cikin yaren ƙananan injuna, za ku adana kayan aikin ku cikin kyakkyawan yanayin aiki.